Eight Features of a Civilization
City (no city= no civilization)
- the main feature of a civilization (CAPITAL)
-surrounded by high walls (GREAT WALL OF CHINA)
-narrow tangled streets
-had temples and palaces (TO WORSHIP AND PLEASE THE GODS)
Organized government
-governments formed to produce large amounts of food and over see irrigation projects
-ensure a steady food supply (AGRICULTURE)
-Warrior kings emerged as chief political leaders
-passed power from father to son (hierarchy)(patriarchal)
-right to rule came from gods (MANDATE OF HEAVEN)
-ruler relied on officials to enforce order
-separate government departments evolved that over saw tax collection,irrigation projects and military (BUREAUCRACY)
Complex religion
-polytheistic (BELIEVED IN MANY GODS)(Animism)
-appealed to gods that controlled natural forces (sun gods and river goddesses/of the natural forces and earth)
-priests and worshippers sought to gain favor of gods through ceremonies,dances,prayers & hymns
-people built temples and sacrificed animals and crops and other humans to the gods
Job specialization
- individuals began to specialize in certain jobs because there were so many new crafts that a single individual could no longer master all the skills needed to make all the goods
-artisans ( skilled craft workers that made goods) + made pottery,wove goods,metalworkers (made tools and weapons out of copper and bronze),bricklayers (built city walls)
-merchants = sold goods in the market place (had a low status due to the Confucianist beliefs present in this civilization)
-soldiers - defend city
-specialization made people dependent on others for various needs
Social classes
-People ranked according to their jobs;this lead to growth of social classes ( refer to social class structure)
Arts and architecture
-statues and paintings became more elaborate (bronze works like vessels)
-expresses beliefs of people and values
-temples and palaces dominate scenery (demonstrated the power and strength of the government and religion)
Public works
-ruler ordered public works ( irrigation systems,roads,bridges, and defensive walls) to be built
-costly in human labor and lives,but benefited the city ( the lives lost in the construction of the great wall of china- the laborers were often buried within the bricks- so the wall is also a massive grave yard)
Writing
-priests needed to record amounts of grain collected,accurate information about the seasons and & precise rituals and prayers
-early writing was made of pictograms ( looked like the objects they represented) then symbols added( to stand for sounds they couldn't draw)
-scribes learned to read and write - specially trained ( educated )
- the main feature of a civilization (CAPITAL)
-surrounded by high walls (GREAT WALL OF CHINA)
-narrow tangled streets
-had temples and palaces (TO WORSHIP AND PLEASE THE GODS)
Organized government
-governments formed to produce large amounts of food and over see irrigation projects
-ensure a steady food supply (AGRICULTURE)
-Warrior kings emerged as chief political leaders
-passed power from father to son (hierarchy)(patriarchal)
-right to rule came from gods (MANDATE OF HEAVEN)
-ruler relied on officials to enforce order
-separate government departments evolved that over saw tax collection,irrigation projects and military (BUREAUCRACY)
Complex religion
-polytheistic (BELIEVED IN MANY GODS)(Animism)
-appealed to gods that controlled natural forces (sun gods and river goddesses/of the natural forces and earth)
-priests and worshippers sought to gain favor of gods through ceremonies,dances,prayers & hymns
-people built temples and sacrificed animals and crops and other humans to the gods
Job specialization
- individuals began to specialize in certain jobs because there were so many new crafts that a single individual could no longer master all the skills needed to make all the goods
-artisans ( skilled craft workers that made goods) + made pottery,wove goods,metalworkers (made tools and weapons out of copper and bronze),bricklayers (built city walls)
-merchants = sold goods in the market place (had a low status due to the Confucianist beliefs present in this civilization)
-soldiers - defend city
-specialization made people dependent on others for various needs
Social classes
-People ranked according to their jobs;this lead to growth of social classes ( refer to social class structure)
Arts and architecture
-statues and paintings became more elaborate (bronze works like vessels)
-expresses beliefs of people and values
-temples and palaces dominate scenery (demonstrated the power and strength of the government and religion)
Public works
-ruler ordered public works ( irrigation systems,roads,bridges, and defensive walls) to be built
-costly in human labor and lives,but benefited the city ( the lives lost in the construction of the great wall of china- the laborers were often buried within the bricks- so the wall is also a massive grave yard)
Writing
-priests needed to record amounts of grain collected,accurate information about the seasons and & precise rituals and prayers
-early writing was made of pictograms ( looked like the objects they represented) then symbols added( to stand for sounds they couldn't draw)
-scribes learned to read and write - specially trained ( educated )